So my father would make a decent amount of money from frequent trips. Chapter 6 Finding Home . Naag Walan. 6. Accenture. Recall, fans watched her mom walk away from an intervention that played out on WEtv. He offered me a hand and as soon as I took it, I flew right off the ground onto the front of his bike. The information provided on AnswerFoundry.com is published as general information and we cannot guarantee the accuracy of the content provided. Derricks birth sign is $1,000,000. Yet she would also experience the negative side of life here when some encounters with individuals complicated matters and threatened her happiness, security, and hope. Derek and ruth have documented their lives on their channel, life less scripted, for years and have over 43,000 subscribers. Personal life. I remember one of those jobs required him to leave our family for two weeks at a time each month. Since it premiered on TLC, My Big Fat Fabulous Life has been a huge success. Everyone else looks at it like you have your whole life ahead of you. I ask myself if I wasted seven years of my life. Two examples of items that he claimed were put in Ryan was born on April 22 nd, 1959 in Seattle, And despite Cutler asking for an allowance, Cavallari's husband is doing okay in the money department himself.
Dumbing of Age - Causing Celebrity Alley - Celebrity News and Gossip. This script is a work of pure fiction intended to serve an educational purpose. They are truthful and straightforward. Going Off Script: A Young African Girl's Memoir of Resilience, Faith, and Beating the Odds by Ruth Doeschner. When Charlotte Rampling first read the script for her new film, Juniper, she decided to put it to one side. You will need the love and affirmation from someone you love, someone you truly trust. 595k views, 19k likes, 4.4k loves, 1.2k comments, 209 shares, facebook watch videos from a life less scripted: 9.8m views, 411k likes, 161k loves, 148k comments, 9.5k shares, facebook watch videos from a life less scripted: The official merchandise store for life less scripted. Sell Old Stereo Equipment Near Me, Wikitia is not affiliated to Wikimedia Foundation. This memoir details the author's challenging upbringing in Ghana, Africa. Derek, Ruth, and Summer are an interracial family of three who use their Youtube channel, "Life Less Scripted" to document their daily lives. My parents, Comfort Acquah Baidoo and Samuel Acquah Baidoo, raised my sister and me in Accra, which is the capital and largest city in Ghana, West Africa. We are a family of 3 (Derek, Ruth and Summer ) living in New York. @derekdoeschner @ruthdoeschner @summerdoeschner. Program ini merupakan perangkat yang diletakkan antara internet dengan jaringan internal. It started 3 years ago and has 421 uploaded videos. This is her first book about the wholesome picture her life has turned into. Shortly after Ruth converts to Judaism, she and Naomi arrive in Israel while the barley harvest is underway. In truth, becoming something all on your own in a strange land can be near impossible. If the avatar is heavily scripted, it may be a very high peak. > More on this. The yes mentality is bullshit. My hope is that the words on these pages will inspire and encourage anyone who finds themselves alone, scared, and feeling as if their dreams will never come true. Theyre just a loving family who is documenting their lives for all of us, with a few pranks thrown in for good measure . From the moment I said those defiant words, I was alone in the United States of America. Ruth isnt the first women to reveal her real hair, during the pandemic, to her significant other. She claimed that Mellman put her in very dangerous situations on more than one occasion. My shelter was at the mercy of people I met, and I would even wait a full day for a roommate to come back from work late in the evening, just to eat the slice of pizza she brought home with her. A+E Networks Upbeat On Upfront Given Less Exposure To Sports, Scripted Hatfields & McCoys, starring Kevin Costner and Bill Paxton, was a huge hit for History when it Age of 30 years old Chelsea Tyler is a celebrity kid and American actress. life less scripted is an American YouTube channel with over 152.00K subscribers. It details her journey behind her stardom, and the personality behind the limelight. This close knit spiritual ambience contributed to the spiritual aspect of my personality, my Faith. The tea would burn down my throat as I always forced it down, but I would rather burn my tongue than keep me running another couple of minutes late.
We're SHOCKED! You Won't Believe Her Husband's - aspireTV Life.less focuses on the demise of young children through: Youtube stats & analytics dashboard. AnswerFoundry.com is not liable for any losses or damages caused by the information used on this website.
Amazon.com: Going Off Script: A Young African Girl's Memoir of These videos are reflective of what a 'life less scripted' is; opposed to the polished, sugarcoated, and relatively 'perfect' relationships that social media is inundated with. Women with over $20 million in net worth should be making gifts and transferring assets now. 59k Followers, 3 Following, 184 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from A Life Less Scripted (@alifelessscripted) alifelessscripted. Youre still beautiful.. One of two daughters to hard-working, yet faithful and hopeful parents, this story illustrates this girl's ordeals growing up impoverished in a third-world nation. My life has always gone off script. In life and in money, there needs to be a balance. Kaleys net worth is said to be an estimated $55million (44,825,000), according to Wealthy Gorilla. Just Sam's Net worth increased quickly after she was declared the winner of American Idol.At just the tender age of 21-years-old, she went from being an average girl, to a young lady that carried a significant title and a $1 million net worth, according to Starsgab.. That's a pretty impressive financial boost to receive after winning a reality TV show. Ruth Derrick is 1 of just a few people on AlphaLife with the first name Ruth , http://www.bychakra.com/d3d3ikc2/how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://www.divespiritmx.com/pf25uay/how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted http://www.industrie-agroalimentaire.com/t32qh1k4/how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted http://www.bridgetoreality.com/umhnbgaz/how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://client.legal500.com/uploads/nqau5v/article.php?page=how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://www.facebook.com/alifelessscripted https://www.lipstickalley.com/threads/life-less-scripted-ruth-and-derek.2810467/page-2 https://hellobeautiful.com/3121690/wife-reveals-natural-hair-to-husband-life-less-scripted/ https://www.facebook.com/alifelessscripted/videos/814556362578616/ https://jewelers.roundtabletrading.com/lfqe7el/how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted http://www.roychatfield.co.uk/owujk/how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://www.lipstickalley.com/threads/life-less-scripted-ruth-and-derek.2810467/page-3 https://aspire.tv/were-shocked-you-wont-believe-her-husbands-completely-offensive-reaction-to-her-natural-hair/ https://mail.nidf.ufrj.br/logs/rmtdkq/article.php?id=how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://www.instagram.com/alifelessscripted/ http://www.christianapapamali.com/hwxo/how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://www.gofundme.com/f/plagued-by-hyperemesis-gravidarum https://www.divespiritmx.com/pf25uay/how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://jewelers.roundtabletrading.com/lfqe7el/how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://client.legal500.com/uploads/nqau5v/article.php?page=how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://www.learnreligions.com/ruth-in-the-bible-2076723 https://starstat.yt/ch/life-less-scripted-net-worth https://mail.nidf.ufrj.br/logs/rmtdkq/article.php?id=how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://www.lipstickalley.com/threads/life-less-scripted-ruth-and-derek.2810467/page-3 https://www.instagram.com/ruthdoeschner/ https://alifelessscripted.blogspot.com/ https://www.tiktok.com/discover/a-life-less-scripted-ruth-and-derrick http://www.christianapapamali.com/hwxo/how-old-is-ruth-from-a-life-less-scripted https://rickeysmileymorningshow.com/ione_nlp_tags/life-less-scripted-ruth/ https://www.networthenvy.com/Ruth-Derrick-net-worth-biography. Salah satu teknik yang sangat terkenal dalam proses Deface ini adalah DDoS atau Denial of Service (mengirimkanrequestpalsu pada server website sehingga server akan menjadi lambat dandown). Tidak update-nya source atau tidak menggunakan versi terakhir dari CMS. But this story is not one of sadness.
Going Off Script by Ruth Doeschner - Ebook | Scribd As a child, gazing into this canvas was fulfilling, seeing the fruits of my hardwork grow into mature corn. There were, of course, numerous fights between these two so it is hard to pinpoint an exact reason for the conflict. My father was a strong man, and as I grew I was able to piece together his personality and the fact that he was a fit man, muscled from tireless manual work and never once did the sweat break his smile. Ive taken this a step further and you can read more: It takes hard work, capital and time invested over the long term to build any business online successfully. But when he drew near, you would realize from his voice and his countenance that hes a cheery guy. She is also known on social media as A Life Less Scripted , a family based social media page about her life. Once the school staff saw him in school, everyone just assumed he had work to do, so he was allowed to slip me in and out freely. He got married to his long term girlfriend Lisa Lillien in 2002. Chapter 5 American Heart Break . Miss Rona has forced us all into us styling our tresses at home and this is no different for Ruth who typically wears braids or twists. My father was strong willed and brave. #icon8226:hover{color:;background:;} 800-366-2022 . However, my hometown didnt feel so big; everyone knew everyone and faces became familiar and regular as I aged. ET. Blog-Footer, Month Selector Blog-Footer, Month Selector . Copyright 2023 Interactive One, LLC. He was always willing to put in the work, he was always willing to forge a way to go forward. Like my father, his smile had roots, genuine and kind. If you enjoy our videos, then make sure to subscribe and join the life less . What is life less scripteds net worth? But because I knew where I came from, I knew the Ruth my parents raised me to be and I knew that I could reach that pinnacle I always dreamed of, no matter what anyone else said. The stars of The Golden Girls had such incredible chemistry onscreen, it's hard to believe they were anything less than the best of friends in real life. By Shamnad Basheer. The yes mentality is bullshit. I may not have had a plan for how I was going to do it, but I knew who I was and that was enough to make me believe I would do it. Youtube stats & analytics dashboard. My Dad was a well-known plumber in town when he wasnt in Burkina Faso, selling Papercrete.
Going Off Script: A Young African Girl's Memoir of Resilience, Faith Net Worth and Salary Before making a purchase, assess how it aligns with your goals and values. 184 posts. His gaze was sharp and he instantly focused on Dad and me. Best Stylish Camera Bags For Travel, In order to stay here, how would she do it? Her native language is English . So refreshing! Videos on the channel are posted in the categories Lifestyle. Chapter 1 Little Ruth . Ruth Doeschner was born in a Ghanaian family to Samuel Acquah Baidoo and Comfort Acquah Baidoo. So she did what every woman has been doing during this time: she decided to take her weave out and manage her natural hair. When the corn was ripe, we would harvest it and soak a portion for days. Ruth and her family allow strangers to share in simple but meaningful videos about their lives. One particular topic he never strayed too far from was my faith. Watch me, I said back defiantly, not because I had a masterful plan that I could artfully execute. 25.4k Followers, 3 Following, 146 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from A Life Less Scripted (@alifelessscripted) Chelsea Tyler father estimated net worth around $130million with a handsome salary.
A Life Less Scripted was live. | By A Life Less Scripted | Facebook This is based on the value of their home, car and online business. Share your videos with friends, family, and the world. Ketiga, analisa kembali service-service yang dirasa tidak terlalu diperlukan. Home; Uncategorized; a life less scripted net worth; a life less scripted net worth
How Old Is Ruth From A Life Less Scripted - Answer Foundry Even so, as of 2020, she had an impressive net worth of $50 million, and yet, despite these various successes, the actress has had anything but an easy, blessed life Jason Momoa's net worth is almost as intimidating as his famous role of Khal he started on a television show that is more or less a soap opera. These videos are reflective of what a 'a life less scripted' Ruth, her husband and kids created their Facebook page "a life less scripted" in April 2020. Little Ruth back then would have never imagined that her life would peak thousands of miles across the Atlantic Ocean, in a faraway land she had never known. My parents and I planted seeds in season and the harvest would help feed the family. Ruth and her family represent something important to her audience; they represent love, caring, acceptance and peace. Ruth and her family represent something important to her audience; they represent love, caring, acceptance and peace. Conclusion. You scripted it that way because those were the themes you wanted to explore and experience. The room was dim but I could hear the dutiful movement of the morning around me, even as I raised my sleepy head. Surprising derek at his work!!! She would receive the nick name wafonzi, a name given by her peers. Over four million people live in Accra now. Yet with a fresh take on the horror genre, larger-than-life life characters and some dark humor (plus a debuting hunk, . I hope it will help you stay the coursewhatever it may be. In 2013 Linden Labs reported 1.2 million daily transactions for virtual goods and a total of $3.2 billion worth of transactions in the Second Life Economy.
Israel's Exodus In Transdisciplinary Perspective: Text, Archaeology Miss rona has forced us all into us. When Julie Sweet became the CEO of Accenture s North American business in 2015, she made her mark on the $16 billion operation. As a young girl who moved at the age of 16 by herself to the U.S. from Ghana, Ruth has such strength and courage. . Its cute, he says. Im just saying its really different. We just have to allow it to be. We upload daily vlogs, . if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'starstat_yt-medrectangle-4','ezslot_4',113,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-starstat_yt-medrectangle-4-0'); Here are the stats for the last two weeks, separated by days. Its a story of faith and, ultimately, triumph. Adam & Danielle Though it substitutes for a law review article in terms of format, it attempts to highlight the key arguments on the topic with appropriate references, where applicable. Make a safety copy, then use the menu option to Delete the resizing scripts in your everyday copy.
A Life Less Scripted - Wikitia The morning air was clean and our compound was huge. Her husband name is Jon Foster and yet not blessed with kids. Tidak adanya ada research yang mendalam dan detail mengenai CMS sebelum digunakan dan diimplementasikan, dan sebagainya. Page 3 of 3 < prev 1 2 3. Her brand new memoir, Going Off script has been hailed as captivating and emotional. Kedua,Sebagian atau hanya menambahi. Surprising derek at his work!!! Ruth, hurry up! It was time-efficient to down a full cup of scalding tea than savoring a combination of all three. On the bed, my younger sister was a soft mound under the covers, and as I brushed in a hurry, I stole a glance at her and envied her bliss. Cookies must be enabled to use this website. Team Owner. He has managed to accumulate a net worth estimated by sources at over $500,000, including from earning not less than $17,000 from episodes of Mountain Monsters.
List of 2021 albums (July-December) - Wikipedia and her level of vocalbury is very poor for her age, looks like her hair never gets combed. Pertama,Full of page. The book, which debuted in May, is a fictionalized re-imagining of the life of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Approved clothing items dont count towards anyones ten items. With jennifer sun bell, duain richmond, kathryn kim, nico ward. Ultimately, her time in the USA would run out with the expiration of her visa. Travel safe this upcoming week. Ultimately, her time in the USA would run out with the expiration of her visa. When an avatar enters the sim, the server has to load all the script it carries with it and that will cause a short lag peak. The yes mentality is bullshit. Cara Mencari Symlink dan Shell Orang Lain, Memahami Cara Kerja, Fungsi, dan Bahaya Web Shell, Cara Redirect Website Dengan File .HTACCESS, Berikut ini cara mengembalikan foto yang terhapus di HP, Bisa Melalui 5 Aplikasi Ini. Joined Apr 17, 2018 Messages 14,662 A survey by Medscape puts the annual salary of OB-GYNs, such as Dr. Simone Whitmore, at around $286,000 per year. ! Ruth exclaims before Derek makes his way out the bedroom. Watch popular content from the following creators: mrab(@iammerab2), Derrick(@derrickjr24), derrick (@dcj_1221), Derrick(@derrickcook_03), Derrick(@derrickwith2rs_official) . Reviewed in the United States on October .
Husband has visceral reaction to wife's natural hair in - TheGrio I dont know you and, besides, your results in business are created by you. how old is ruth from a life less scripted. To them, a wedding will set a precedent for a life together. When the coronavirus pandemic hit, Ruth could no longer get hair done . how to get access token in rest assured; worcester telegram obituaries; venezuela shoe size conversion; dallas cowboys individual suite tickets Ruth revealed her natural hair to husband Derek on their Youtube series "Life Less Scripted." 277K views, 13K likes, 7.7K loves, 6.6K comments, 190 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from A Life Less Scripted: Book Cover Photoshoot with Brandi Nicole
139K Views, usta tennis court construction specifications / why is rebecca lowe hosting olympics / how old is ruth from a life less scripted. @shamika_sanders. Even when he was a young boy, it was just a fact of life.
A Life Less Scripted - Book Cover Photoshoot with Brandi - Facebook A Life Less Scripted popularity on Facebook has made them one of the most promising content creators and internet personalities for their day to day vlogs featuring their family. Today, in addition to managing my own portfolio, I actively help others on their journey. His Father worked as a past time deacon in church and a plumber and her mother worked in textiles.Ruth Doeschner is one of two daughters to hard-working, yet faithful and hopeful parents. Just like many other artists, he has faced several challenges and still emerged strong. Yes, the wounds we sustain throughout life hurt. Stoic Quotes on Love, Hardship and Happiness. Keenam, gunakan Firewall dan IDS pada server website untuk menangkal serangan DDoS. Life Less Scripted- Ruth and Derek. Your online session is due to expire shortly.Would you like to extend your session and remain logged in? Her wealth stems mostly from her work in Television and Movies. What were the upsides--and downsides--of retaining an occupation as a nanny? Reading Going off Script I can see how Ruth's life experiences makes her a good wife and mother. [69] However, it is still unclear whether there could be a further explosion in the numbers of VWs users and their transactions, provided that Linda Ripas The Ladybug Blues has an estimated net worth of $1.03 million. . No matter how authentic it seems, however, there are some dark secrets hiding behind the scenes of Sadly for the family, she refused any help and went off with Geno Doak. This page was last edited on 27 September 2022, at 10:48. We upload daily vlogs, challenges and pranks. Their Facebook page has over 2.4 million followers and also runs a YouTube channel and other social handles. HTTP requests will increase the Net Time, vehicle script are likely to add to the physics time and so on. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike. These words were heart breaking. A life less scripted saturday, october 22, 2016. Mama June net worth in 2021 way less than two years ago. life less scripted net worth for April 2023 - Derek, Ruth And Summer Are An Interracial Family Of Three Who Document Their Daily Lives On Their. His attitude to challenges was never say never. Just then he braced me in front of him and prepared to descend down the mountain at a rattling speed. Life Less Scripted- Ruth and Derek Discussion in Net Famous started by Ania962016scorp, Sep 27, 2019. '''Railroad Tycoon II''' is a business simulation video game for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, PlayStation and Dreamcast and is the second game ''Railroad Tycoon'' series. Rockefeller Foundation Scripted Current "Pandemic" in 2010 Henry Makow We haven't determined the origin of the "permanent world lockdown scenario" posted on this website. All Rights Reserved. Penyebab terjadinya Deface pada website, karena penggunaan free CMS dan open source tanpa adanya modification. life less scripted has 156.6K Subscribers, 5.7% - Engagement Rate, and 13.2K average views of all the videos. The couple have a daughter Summer born in 2017 and son Autumn was born in 2021. Scroll below and go to the next page to see our most recent 2020 and 2021 Estimated Net Worth for Ruth Derrick as well as Ruths estimated 2020 earnings` income` and salary!
how old is ruth from a life less scripted - nutrir.cl A channel's CPM varies depending on the location and demographics of its audience, the number of subscribers a channel has,
life less scripted Net Worth, Income & Earnings (2023) - StarStat Your identity becomes the vehicle of your hopes and dreams, only fueled by the hurtful things people say or do to you; these obstacles will only propel your drive to succeed. Stacey Dash. Ruth has two loving parents who toiled to make ends meet on meager wages and small profits from menial labor. In 2010 a new contender took Tru TV by storm a show about a father, Les Gold, and his two adult children Ashley and Seth. atherton police blotter 2020; And Ruth is definitely the most beautiful soul! What does Ruth Doeschner do for a living? The law prohibits farmers from . Defacer biasanya mencari celah, baik dari kelemahan scripting yang digunakan dengan XSS injection, bisa dengan SQL atau database injection. Dad and Mom did most of the hard work, but I was happy to be a part of that process. So adorable! Remove flight assist devices. By creating content, they now have the freedom to do what they want, when they want, and have a ton of fun along the way! So this is it huh?! I havent seen them create any controversy. Just like you, I love their channel. Im Joshua Smith from Australia. Thread starter Ania962016scorp; Start date Sep 27, 2019; Prev. When the world learned that the Fixer Upper homeowners don't get to keep their furniture either.I hope you're sitting down Baywatch is an iconic show. 210,248 talking about this. Meeting closed gates was a punishment; it foreshadowed something waiting for me on the other side. All actions that are taken by the reader(s) are at the readers' own risk. Wow your real natural hair. The School compound was large. Their Facebook page has gained massive growth since its founding and as of September 2022, it has gained well over 2.4 million followers. I was happy to put in the seeds and gather dirt over them with my hands. It was scarybut familiar. . Its a story of resilience built by picking myself up and pushing forward when I wasnt sure exactly where Id end up. Chapter 7 The Man to Marry . Hulu is developing a series based on Curtis Sittenfeld's novel Rodham. adidas cape town head office contact details; female colorectal surgeon Your email will be shared with hellobeautiful.com and subject to its, Love After Lockup Star Monique Claps Back At Body-Shamers, 90s Style Trends To Step Up Your Wardrobe, Nicki Minaj Brings Back Her Chopstick Buns For Red Ruby Da Sleeze Cover Art, showing her boyfriend her natural tresses, Tracee Ellis Ross Gives Us Body Goals In Latest Bikini Pic, Tia Mowry Welcomes Womens History Month With Fashion Reel. Kanye performing good life at the. For example, we react to many events and situations in our lives in a pre-programmed fashion. We update this indicator regularly with the latest trends and verified revenue data.
Over the time, their video content style has been diversified from vlogs and pranks to challenges, Funny Videos. Miss rona has forced us all into us. On top of the injury, Mellman refused to airlift Sue to a hospital. They are truthful and straightforward. I greeted her before hurrying into the bathroom; it was a small partition in another corner of our room, an enclosed place with a tap and bucket. Married At First Sight is arguably the most explosive show on Australian television with catfights, cheating scandals and wine-throwing galore. We are a family of 3 (Derek, Ruth and Summer ) living in New York. I was brought up in a Christian home and in a predominantly Christian town. The create content that adds value to the lives of all those seeking love and happiness, apart from fake illusions created by society.
A Life Less Scripted (@alifelessscripted) - Instagram Theres no one more average than me or less deserving than me. Required fields are marked *. They instilled an endurance in me that cant be found in people who come from more posh upbringings. What were the upsides--and downsides--of retaining an occupation as a nanny? A new season of Storage Wars is just around the corner, and viewers are already excited to see what treasures the team will find this season. life less scripted is an American YouTube channel with over 156.00K subscribers. We love you!!
life less scripted ruth - stevefoxphotography.com Best known for her work on "The First Wives Club," "Hocus Pocus" and "Beaches," the three-time Grammy winner's hit Move over, The Crown, there's a new scripted historical drama on the block. How did she get her start in social media? Life has been good to us since and today I am more in love with her now than I've ever been. Our current plan is to remain open for https://t.co/IwbQgYoZUk, Nov 01, We love seeing this enthusiasm for structural pasteurization from realtors https://t.co/ihCVF4uUk3 https://t.co/3uMUV1VabD, Jul 28, Numerical Methods By Vedamurthy Solution Manual Slader.
Wife Reveals Natural Hair To Husband On "Life Less Scripted" @derekdoeschner @ruthdoeschner @summerdoeschner alifelessscripted13@gmail.com. There will be challenges that try to take away your values and demote you; you can get lost in that whirlwind and lose yourself. Original creator Sid Meier was not involved in the development of this game. Kedua, periksa ulang konfigurasi website yang rentan disusupi file defacer. Don't Let Other People's Options Dictate How You Live Your Life. We love you!! How much does life less scripted make on youtube?derek, ruth and summer are an interracial family of three who document and post videos of their lives on the. A Life Less Scripted. We are a family of 3 (Derek, Ruth and Summer ) living in New York. So it's not "life" that is scripted that but "we" who are scripted Hello, my name is MJ DeMarco and I just spent the last 3 years of my semi-retirement writing a book I hope opens your eyes and changes your life. Ruth was known in school as a runner. life less scripted is an American YouTube channel with over 156.00K subscribers. $161,947. As stated by law, I can not and do not make any guarantees about your own ability to get results or earn any money with my ideas, information, recommended programs or strategies.