WebAnswer (1 of 6): Imperialism is defined as a policy of extending a countrys power and influence through diplomacy or military force (Oxford Dictionaries) By that definition, almost all nation states are imperialistic. Eugenics became a popular social movement in America, peaking in the 1920s and 1930s. Social Darwinism It is the old struggle between the Germanic peoples and the Slavs, the defence of European culture against muscovite-Asiatic invasion, the defence against Jewish communism.
Imperialism W. E. B. . . The thought of improving the human race by manipulating who is allowed to breed can either be appalling or compelling. Students deepen their thinking about memory and identity by reflecting on the stories of Holocaust and Armenian Genocide survivors and their descendants.
Social Darwinism in European Imperialism Term Paper A. In both chapters, Sharp in great detail gives the reader many scenarios in which oppressed groups through civil disobedience fight against their oppressors, usually leading to victory which resembles freedom and liberation. while multiplying its "desirables" -- that is, by See full-sized image for analysis.
WebSocial Darwinism offered an explanation for the unequal technological development across the world. He starts his answer with another point that will be familiar to all Misesians and Rothbardians. A person included among the havesis the one who bears the penalty. WebMisusing Darwin's Theory. Qun mt khu It established a system of racial equality based on democracy. The product was Social Darwinism. Historical Trips - Book your next historical adventure, 6 Secret Historic Gardens in the United Kingdom, Join Dan Snow for the Anniversary of the D-Day Landings, War of The Worlds: The Most Infamous Radio Broadcast in History, The King Revealed: 10 Fascinating Facts About Elvis Presley, 10 Facts About American Poet Robert Frost, As German forces were rampaging through Russia, Great Britain Declares War on Nazi Germany: Neville Chamberlains Broadcast 3 September 1939. ?^ Mwb;tovAMwYm@78 28ImZ{1+C#I@H The program was officially discontinued in August 1941 (which coincided with the escalation of the Holocaust), but killings continued covertly until the Nazi defeat in 1945. The end result was a death count between fifty million to eighty million people. This caricature, Rhodes Colossus, depicts British imperialist Cecil Rhodes straddling the continent of Africa after announcing plans for a telegraph line from Cape Town to Cairo. The idea of "social Darwinism" originated in Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. WebThis historical analysis will define the rise of American imperialism in the Spanish-American War of 1898. Germany needed to destroy the Soviet Union to gain land, eliminate Jewish-inspired communism, and would do so following the natural order. Web- there are amusing sidelights to this social darwinism; Charles Kellogg was a social darwinist and a zealot for moral purity. American Museum of Natural History Eugenics is the science of using artificial selection to improve genetic features of the population. Google Scholar 5 Will the American Economy Survive in 2018?
British superiority and embracing Social Darwinism Once minorities start to challenge authority, their obedience is lost. Our analysis will be mostly based on the justifications of M. L. King in using nonviolence rather than acquiescence or violence along with the examination of some failed cases of nonviolent resistance when the opponent was. By agreeing to abide by those rules, the group hoped to avoid a war in Europe. First, the way European
2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: Copy. C. It encouraged settler colonies in remote parts of the world. Ruthless Capitalism The Nazis targeted certain groups or races that they considered biologically inferior for extermination. strong in particular characteristics. It
contributed Thomas Edison failed thousands of times trying to create the modern day light bulb. . Ill try to show that this isnt what he says. Score .8628 1. The most infamous result of this was the Holocaust, 1 but social Darwinism was also a major influence in the events leading up to World War One.
Evolution: Darwin: In the Name of Darwin - PBS Darwins Origin of Species is the idea of the race who continuously dominates over others in competition is the race that shall survive on top, natural selection. social darwinism was used to justify imperialism because Survival of the fittest and competition between species was believed to be a necessary part of the social structure. the idea of social darwinism was that by the law of nature the stronger people should take over weaker ones. It is also realistic, cold, and matter-of-fact. Tax ID# 52-1263436, William Graham Sumner Was No "Social Darwinist", Economic Calculation In The Socialist Commonwealth, An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, 2 Volumes, Economic Depressions: Their Cause and Cure, A History of Money and Banking in the United States Before the Twentieth Century, Man, Economy, and State, with Power and Market, The Austrian School of Economics: A History of Its Ideas, Ambassadors, and Institutions, Bourbon for Breakfast: Living Outside the Statist Quo, Busting Myths about the State and the Libertarian Alternative, Chaos Theory: Two Essays On Market Anarchy, Cronyism: Liberty versus Power in Early America, 16071849, Free Private Cities: Making Governments Compete For You, From Aristocracy to Monarchy to Democracy, It's a Jetsons World: Private Miracles and Public Crimes, Left, Right, and the Prospects for Liberty, Mises and Austrian Economics: A Personal View, The Myth of National Defense: Essays on the Theory and History of Security Production, No Treason: The Constitution of No Authority, Organized Crime: The Unvarnished Truth About Government, Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy, The Politics of Obedience: The Discourse of Voluntary Servitude, A Short History of Man: Progress and Decline, Vices Are Not Crimes: A Vindication of Moral Liberty, Reclamation of Liberties: Revisiting the War on Drugs, Inflation: Causes, Consequences, and Cure, Taxes Are What We Pay for an Impoverished Society, Why Austrian Economics Matters (Chicago 2011), The Truth About American History: An Austro-Jeffersonian Perspective, The Rosetta Stone to the US Code: A New History of Taxation, The Economic History of the United States, The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History, The American Economy and the End of Laissez-Faire: 1870 to World War II, Crisis and Liberty: The Expansion of Government Power in American History, Radical Austrianism, Radical Libertarianism, The History of Political Philosophy: From Plato to Rothbard, Microeconomics From an Austrian Viewpoint, The History of Economic Thought: From Marx to Hayek, The Life, Times, and Work of Ludwig von Mises, The Austrian School of Economics: An Introduction, Introduction to Economics: A Private Seminar with Murray N. Rothbard, Introduction to Austrian Economic Analysis, Fundamentals of Economic Analysis: A Causal-Realist Approach, Austrian Economics: An Introductory Course, Austrian School of Economics: Revisionist History and Contemporary Theory, After the Revolution: Economics of De-Socialization, The Federal Reserve: History, Theory and Practice, The Twentieth Century: An Austrian Critique, The Truth About War: A Revisionist Approach, The Economic Recovery: Washington's Big Lie, The 25th Anniversary Celebration in New York, How to Think about the Economy: Mises Seminar in Tampa, The Ron Paul Revolution: A Ten-Year Retrospective, Against PC: The Fight for Free Expression. Social Darwinism was a sociological theory popular in late nineteenth-century Europe and the United States. Head of the T4 programme (Image Credit: Bundesarchiv / CC). Rhodes was an imperialist, and to an imperialist, expansion was everything. Imperialism is the policy of expanding the rule of a nation or empire over foreign countries by force. Doesnt society have a responsibility to provide for them? Institutional racism is a kind of discrimination formed by society to target a specific race, compared to having an individuals personal racist belief. World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Question 1: Document- Based Question, Imperialism and Asian and African economies points General Scoring complex understanding must be part of the argument, not merely a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP? What I choose to do by way of exercising my own sympathies under my own reason and conscience is one thing; what another man forces me to do of a sympathetic character, because his reason and conscience approve of it, is quite another thing. WebThe ideology of social Darwinism contributed to the development of imperialism because it told imperializing countries that they have the right to take over other countries, They plundered laborers and merchants. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Students consider the ways in which World War I intensified peoples loyalty to their country and resentment toward others perceived as a threat. The locomotive is only possible today because, from the flint-knife up, one achievement has been multiplied into another through thousands of generations. )! I believe that racism can be stopped in three ways. It is better, in his view, to help those who have good prospects of bettering themselves thanto help the incorrigible. Directions, ticket info, and visitor tips. The only way in which the world has been able to endure the horrible tale is by deliberately stopping its ears and changing the subject of conversation while the deviltry went on. One of the first free market books I read, back in the early 1960s, was William Graham Sumners What Social Classes Owe Each Other. His works I believe that the concept of race is socially constructed. 8.1) Impact on Nazi Germany. By 1914, these imperial powers had fully colonized the continent, exploiting its people and resources. Despite being a highly universal theory, it is widely accepted now that the Darwinian view of the world does not transfer effectively to every element of life. . ? Taught by David Gordon, this course explores how capitalism lifts people from poverty to plenty. Sumner does think, though, that people should be careful about whom they help. So, social Darwinism had a remarkable impact on the pace of European imperialism. Social darwinism was also used as a justification for imperialism in the 19th and 20th centuries. World War II is a war that was caused by racism. Humanity will progress if the fittest, that is, the strongest, win out, and the weak are left to fall by the wayside. During his creation people scrutinized him, and when he failed told him that he was uneducated. A range of cultural, religious, and racial ideologies were used to justify imperialism, including Social It makes me sad to see them so clear and yet so far. WebSocial Darwinism Based on Charles Darwins ideas on evolution Believed powerful social groups were genetically superior Saw colonized people as inferior and in need of colonial protection Rejected all types of social support for weaker social groups as Webimperialism, state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of developments in human. This view was common in the nineteenth century, as a slave owner, Thomas Jefferson was found to think this way. The latter is based on Darwins theory but instead of being based on animal behaviour it is applied to humans. % The claim that social Darwinist concepts profoundly affected Nazi ideology is frequently seen in history and social scientific literature.
Rise Of American Imperialism In The Spanish American Social Darwinists believe in survival of the fittestthe idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better. The capital which, as we have seen, is the condition of all welfare on earth, the fortification of existence, and the means of growth, is an object of cupidity. In the history of earlier centuries these duties, gentlemen, have often been misunderstood, and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race. What do you think it meant to Jules Ferry to civilize the inferior races of Africa? Houston Stewart Chamberlain, who was born into a family of English military officers on September 9, 1855, became a widely recognized advocate of race inequality and Aryan superiority in his adopted country of Germany.In his writings he built his enthusiasm for German cultural and intellectual B. WebAccording to the principle of Social Darwinism, only the strongest states would survive.
British superiority and embracing Social Darwinism Darwin did not address human evolution in his most famous study, On the Origin of Species (1859), which focused on the evolution of plants and animals.
How did social darwinism relate to imperialism? - Answers In what sense was color prejudice an investment for imperialists? It is thought that improvement of the human race can be seen through sterilization of people who exhibit undesirable traits and selective breeding. Having a personal racist belief is centralized. More slowly, Germany began to see the dawning of a new day, and, shut out from America by the Monroe Doctrine, looked to Asia and Africa for colonies. Galton argued that social institutions such as welfare and mental asylums allowed inferior humans to survive and reproduce at higher levels than their wealthier superior counterparts. ", Daniel At the Congress of Berlin in 1884, 15 European powers divided Africa among them. U8[Sb\%9^} QTZ~w1,h)#Z`_0=2Hs5Z. Strong felt that the United States had been destined to he the great imperial power. Social Darwinists believe in survival of the fittestthe idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better. Gordon, Rockwell, and Salerno interview Ralph Raico. To imperialists like Rhodes, the idea that there would soon be no opportunity for further expansion was unsettling. A range of cultural, religious, and racial ideologies were used to justify imperialism, including Social Darwinism, nationalism, the concept of the civilizing mission, and the desire to religiously convert indigenous populations.. What are the 4 motives of imperialism? WebEconomical, political, and social causes were the roots of imperialism. Racism is treating someone differently of unfairly simply because they belong to a different ethnic community of have a different religion or nationality. The belief in social darwinism and how it could help the less civilized citizens in America. Social Darwinism was used to justify imperialism. 4 0 obj In my opinion the poverty that some minority groups face has more to do with the personal situation of the individual and the discrimination they face, rather than anything either biologically or culturally inherited. A society based on contract, therefore, gives the utmost room and chance for individual development, and for all the self-reliance and dignity of a free man.
Imperialism Consequently society was dependent, throughout all its details, on status, and the tie, or bond, was sentimental. Contract, however, is rationaleven rationalistic.
Social Students will explore some of the causes and consequences of denying the Armenian Genocide and reflect on the role of public art to commemorate difficult histories. 2022 AP World History: Modern Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Document-Based Question R Scoring Guidelines R Student Samples R Scoring Commentary 2022 College Board College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Question 1: Document-Based Question, Imperialism and Asian and African economies points General Scoring Notes Except where otherwise noted, each point of these rubrics is earned independently; for example, a student could earn a point for evidence without earning a point for thesis/claim Accuracy: The components of these rubrics require that students demonstrate historically defensible content knowledge Given the timed nature of the exam, essays may contain errors that not detract from their overall quality, as long as the historical content used to advance the argument is accurate Clarity: Exam essays should be considered first drafts and thus may contain grammatical errors Those errors will not be counted against a student unless they obscure the successful demonstration of the content knowledge, skills, and practices described below Evaluate the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row A Thesis/Claim Scoring Criteria points Does not meet the criteria for one point (0-1 points) point Responds to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis/claim that establishes a line of reasoning Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn this point: Are not historically defensible Only restate or rephrase the prompt Do not respond to the prompt Do not establish a line of reasoning Are overgeneralized Responses that earn this point: Provide a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a position on the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries The thesis or claim must either provide some indication of the reason for making that claim OR establish categories of the argument Examples that not earn this point: Examples that earn this point: Provide a historically defensible claim, but not establish a line of reasoning Europeans imported raw materials from Asia and Africa. Establish a line of reasoning that evaluates the topic of the prompt States in Africa and Asia often saw their global trade heavily disrupted by European imperialism. Asian states often tried to prevent European imperialism from disrupting their economies but failed in doing so. Establish a line of reasoning, but not provide a historically defensible claim European imperialism did not greatly alter the traditional trading practices of African kingdoms and states. Do not focus on the topic of the prompt The First and Second World War strongly influenced anti-colonial efforts in Africa and Asia. Establish a line of reasoning that evaluates the topic of the prompt with analytic categories While European Imperialism certainly forced African and Asian economies to change, these changes often benefited local elites and Europeans. Establish a line of reasoning European Imperialism often negatively affected African economies. (Minimally acceptable thesis/claim) Additional Notes: The thesis or claim must consist of one or more sentences located in one place, either in the introduction or the conclusion (which may not be limited to the first or last paragraphs) The thesis or claim must identify a relevant development(s) in the period, although it is not required to encompass the entire period 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row B Contextualization (0-1 points) Scoring Criteria points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn this point: Provide an overgeneralized statement about the time period referenced in the prompt Provide context that is not relevant to the prompt Provide a passing phrase or reference Responses that earn this point: Accurately describe a context relevant to the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Examples that not earn this point: Do not provide context relevant to the topic of the prompt: States during the First World War produced propaganda to convince soldiers to fight. Examples of relevant context that earn this point include the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: European extraction economies, such as mining operations in Africa, developed European nations competed with one another for influence and territory in Africa and Asia Anti-imperialist movements were often strongly influenced by nationalism, such as in Thailand European nations often completed infrastructure projects in imperialized regions, such as the British building railroads in India The use of fossil fuels contributed to high demand for energy sources New imperialist, ideas such as the civilizing mission and Social Darwinism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, led European nations to take more direct control over states in Africa and Asia Provide a passing phrase or reference European Imperialism often perpetuated racial prejudice. Examples of acceptable contextualization: European nations in the late nineteenth century divided up Africa between them during the Berlin Conference. Additional Notes: The response must relate the topic of the prompt to broader historical events, developments, or processes that occur before, during, or continue after the time frame of the question To earn this point, the context provided must be more than a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row C Evidence 0-3 points Scoring Criteria Evidence from the Documents points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Uses the content of at least three documents to address the topic of the prompt points Supports an argument in response to the prompt using at least six documents Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn points: Use evidence from less than three of the documents Misinterpret the content of the document Quote, without an accompanying description, of the content of the documents Address documents collectively rather than considering separately the content of each document Responses that earn point: Accurately describerather than simply quotethe content from at least three of the documents to address the topic of European imperialism and/or economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Responses that earn points: Support an argument in response to the prompt by accurately using the content of at least six documents Examples of describing the content of a document: Examples of supporting an argument using the content of a document: (Document 5): The account by the Congolese refugee shows how the Belgian colonizers harsh demands for rubber production led to starvation and violence among the native population The account shows the extent of economic disruption brought to African society by imperialism. (Connects the content of the document to an argument about the great extent to which European imperialism disrupted or even destroyed some African economies) (Document 6): Ndansi Kumalos account shows the devastation of traditional African economies by imperialism, by relating how the Ndebele were forced into wage work for the White settlers in mines and farms, where they were subjected to high taxes. (Connects the content of the document to an argument about the extent to which imperialism transformed and disrupted traditional African economic activities) Describe evidence from the documents relevant to the topic but not use that evidence to support an argument (Document 2) The graph shows that there was a big reversal in the trade between 1810 and 1830, with India exporting less cloth to Britain and importing much more cloth from Britain. Additional Notes: To earn points, the response does not have to use the six documents in support of a single argument-they can be used across sub-arguments or to address counterarguments 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Row C (continued) Evidence Beyond the Documents: points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Uses at least one additional piece of the specific historical evidence (beyond that found in the documents) relevant to an argument about the prompt Responses that not earn this point: Provide evidence that is not relevant to an argument about the prompt Provide evidence that is outside the time period or region specified in the prompt Repeat information that is specified in the prompt or in any of the documents Provide a passing phase or reference Responses that earn this point: Must use at least one specific piece of historical evidence relevant to an argument about the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Examples of specific and relevant evidence beyond the documents that earn this point include the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: British investment projects, such as the building of railroads in India and Africa Large-scale European-driven infrastructure projects, such as the building of the Suez Canal Economic modernization initiatives taken by Asian and African states, such as the Meiji Restoration in Japan The forced expulsion of ethnic groups from traditional land, such as during the Herero genocide or the displacement of Arab and Berber populations in French Algeria The use of military force to require Asian and African states to alter their trading patterns, such as during the Opium Wars Examples of evidence beyond the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt: The British opium trade in China eventually led to the Opium wars, during which Britain used its military to force China to agree to unequal trade agreements. (Provides a piece of evidence not in the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt) Local elites often cooperated with European forces for their own benefit, even though those agreements did not necessarily benefit their subjects For instance, Egypt cooperated with France and Britain to build the Suez Canal, but many Egyptian workers suffered and died during the construction. (Provides a piece of evidence not in the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt) Additional Notes: Typically, statements credited as evidence will be more specific than statements credited as contextualization To earn this point, the evidence provided must be different from the evidence used to earn the point for contextualization To earn this point, the evidence provided must be more than a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row D Analysis and Reasoning Scoring Criteria Sourcing points Does not meet the criteria for one point point For at least three documents, explains how or why the documents point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience is relevant to an argument Responses that not earn this point: Explain sourcing for less than three of the documents Identify the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience but fail to explain how or why it is relevant to an argument Summarize the content or argument of the document without explaining the relevance of this to the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience Examples that not earn this point: Responses that earn this point: Must explain how or whyrather than simply identifyingthe documents point of view, purpose, historical situation, or audience is relevant to an argument that addresses the prompt for each of the three documents sourced 0-2 points Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Identify the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience, but not explain how or why it is relevant to an argument The author of Document was a victim of the violence in the Belgian Congo. Summarize the content of the document without explaining the relevance of this to the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience In Document 2, the graphs show that Indian exports to Britain are declining while British exports to India are rising. Example of acceptable explanation of the significance of the authors point of view: (Document 1): The author of Document was a manager of a Dutch-government-owned sugar factory in Indonesia As a manager, it would have been his duty to report to his superiors about the damage that the Dutch Cultivation System has inflicted on the availability of Indonesian labor for his factory. (Connects the point of view of the author to an argument about the negative influence of Dutch imperial policies on the economy of Java) Example of acceptable explanation of the significance of the authors purpose: (Document 7): The purpose of the account is to document the cruelty of the Germans and the economic hardships placed on Africans working on the cotton plantations Because the account was given to African historians after Tanzania became independent, they would likely have wanted to emphasize the negative aspects of European imperialism. (Connects a plausible speculation regarding the purpose of the source to an argument about the extent to which European imperialism affected African economies) Example of acceptable explanation of the relevance of the historical situation of a source: (Document 4): The Ndebele ruler, whose territory was probably under a lot of pressure from White settlers as well as from neighboring African groups, likely thought that he had no choice but to trade away the right to mine raw materials in his country to the English in exchange for guns and a steamboat with which he could defend himself. (Connects the historical situation of the document to an argument about an economic change in Africa brought about by European imperialism) 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Row D (continued) Complexity points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Demonstrates a complex understanding of the historical development that is the focus of the prompt, using evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the question Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that earn this point: May demonstrate a complex understanding in a variety of ways, such as: Explaining nuance of an issue by analyzing multiple variables Explaining both similarity and difference, or explaining both continuity and change, or explaining multiple causes, or explaining both causes and effects Explaining relevant and insightful connections within and across periods Confirming the validity of an argument by corroborating multiple perspectives across themes Qualifying or modifying an argument by considering diverse or alternative views or evidence Demonstrating complex understanding might include any of the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: Analyzing multiple variables, such as considering diverse or alternate perspectives or evidence For example, a response may explore multiple economic impacts of European imperialism on native societies, including physical exploitation of native labor, collapse of traditional economic activity, restructuring and realignment of elites, changes to gender roles as a result of new economic demands, etc (Explains nuance) Explaining relevant and insightful connections across time and space For example, a response may compare the effects of European imperialism seen in Documents and with the effects of imperialism in other colonial settings where large numbers of White settlers encroached on the territories of native peoplessuch as in Australia or Algeria Or a response may compare the exploitation of native labor for the extraction of resources, as seen in Documents 1, 5, and 7, with the exploitation of native labor through indirect imperialism in Latin America through forced labor systems such as indenture and debt servitude (Explains relevant and insightful connections) Corroborating multiple perspectives, such as explaining how European imperialisms economic effects were complex and affected different segments of Asian and African societies in different ways For example, a response might argue that, in addition to its destructive or disruptive economic effects, European imperialism in some cases benefitted parts of native societies through increased trade (Document 3), limited economic modernization (Document 1), strengthening of native elites (Document 4) or economic recovery after the initial disruption (Document 6) (Corroborates, qualifies or modifies an argument by considering diverse or alternative views or evidence) Additional Notes: This demonstration of complex understanding must be part of the argument, not merely a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Document Summaries Document Summary of Content T.G Edwards, manager of a Dutch sugar factory in Java, letter to the Dutch colonial government on labor shortages, 1858 British East India Company, data reported to the British Parliament regarding the textile trade with India, 18101830 Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, The Cultivators of Bengal, article published in the Bengali press, 1872 Explains the relevance of point of view (POV), purpose, situation, and/or audience by elaborating on examples such as: Reports on the negative effects of the imposition of the Dutch Cultivation System on the availability of Javanese labor for the sugar factory Because of the demands of the Cultivation System, Javanese workers are subject to multiple labor demands, and the factory cannot get workers despite offering good wages The graphs show divergent trends for Indian textile exports to Britain and British textile exports to India: Indian exports to Britain are declining while British exports to India are rising The drop in Indian exports to Britain is particularly sharp for the calico and muslin cloth category, while the rise in British export to India is particularly great for the plain cotton cloth category States that the growing trade between India and Britain has led to an expansion of Indian agriculture, as India has become an exporter of agricultural commodities to Britain Acknowledges that the Indian cotton industry has collapsed because of cheap British cloth imports but suggests that the collapse can be managed by Indian weavers being more open to adopting other trades, such as cultivating rice The author of Document was a manager of a Dutch-government-owned sugar factory in Indonesia As a manager, it would have been his duty to report to his superiors about the damage that the Dutch Cultivation System had inflicted on the availability of Indonesian labor for his factory (POV, purpose) The Cultivation System was an attempt by the Dutch colonial authorities in the East Indies to force the native population to produce cash crops for the Dutch This reflected a general push to make colonies more profitable for Europe by extracting raw materials or commodities for export (situation) As Great Britain was becoming an increasingly industrialized country during this period, the purpose of the EIC providing this data to Parliament may have been in part to show that it was playing its part in providing markets for British industrial goods, the most important one of which was cotton textiles (purpose) Because of the system of Company Rule in India, the EIC, rather than the British government, had effective control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent That explains why it was the EICs responsibility to collect such trade information and report it to the British Parliament (situation) The publication of this perspective on the economic impact of Indias trade with Great Britain in an Indian (Bengali) newspaper was likely meant in part to challenge the Indian audiences notions of rigid caste distinctions By emphasizing that the reluctance to give up hereditary trades has become an economic liability, the author is urging Indians to loosen the rigid restrictions in their society in order to make India more adaptable to economic change (audience, purpose) The article suggests that Chatterjee shared the position of many educated Indian intellectuals at the time that India could benefit socially and economically from British rule He emphasizes the economic benefits of trade with Britain and the opportunities trade may bring for modernizing Indian society (POV, situation) 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines King Lobengula Khumalo, Contract with an English company over mining rights in Ndebele territory, 1888 Moyo, Congolese refugee, testimony for a Belgian investigation into abuses related to rubber collection in the Congo, 1904 Ndansi Kumalo, account of living conditions of the Ndebele in the 1890s, given to a British anticolonial activist, published in 1936 The ruler of the Ndebele enters into a contract with three British business associates of Cecil Rhodes mining company, awarding them exclusive mining rights in his territories, in exchange for a monthly payment, English rifles, and a promise to deliver a steamboat with guns on the Zambezi River Describes the hardships on the native population produced by the Belgian authorities cruel system of extracting rubber by imposing rubber production quotas on Congolese villages The villagers found it harder and harder to meet the quota, needing to go further and further into the jungle to find rubber trees As more members of village society, including women, had to work to make the rubber quota, cultivation of food crops was abandoned, and starvation set in The authorities did not reduce the quota and only provided token payments for the rubber Outlines the shifts in Ndebele economic activities after the end of the unsuccessful Ndebele revolt in 1897; the Ndebele had lost their cattle (traditional source of wealth) during the revolt and were forced into paid work for the White settlers, in mines and in agriculture In addition to that, the Ndebele were subjected to heavy taxes by the British colonial government, including a rent tax for allegedly living on White settlers land The Ndebele ruler, whose territory was probably under a lot of pressure from White settlers as well as from neighboring African groups, likely thought that he had no choice but to trade away the right to mine raw materials in his country to the English in exchange for guns and a steamboat with which he could defend himself (POV, situation) By emphasizing that various [other] persons and companies have sought the rights to mine in his territories, King Lobengula may have wanted to convey to Cecil Rhodes company that his company must abide by its obligations under the contract (purpose, audience) The Belgian authorities system of rubber extraction from the Congo reflects both the prevalent racial views in late-nineteenth-century Europe that saw Africans as racially inferior, and thus they were subjected to inhumane working conditions Europeans also recognized the economic importance of strategic natural resources such as rubber to Europes industrializing economies (situation) As an eyewitness account of a refugee from the atrocities it describes, Moyos account is likely credible in its description of the devastating economic and social toll of the Belgian rubber quota systems on Congolese villages (POV) As an oral history narrative recorded decades after the events it describes, Ndansi Kumalos account represents a long-term assessment of the social and economic effects of the Ndebele revolt on the Ndebele people As such it focuses on big changes, such as, the transition from subsistence cattle raising to wage work, especially in mining, and the transition to being integrated into the White-settler dominated economy of South Africa through the paying of taxes and using money (audience, POV) The context of the economic and social changes described in the document is the growing rate of White settlement in interior parts of southern Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, encroaching on the lands of native peoples such as the Ndebele The discovery of gold, diamonds, and other resources in various parts of the region exacerbated this process (situation) 2022 College Board DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of .. .AP?